CIE A Level Biology revision notes made for the CIE (Cambridge International Examination) exam board. This covers all the topics and modules for all specifications including 9700.
We cover all the relevant topics in the specification below:
Topic 1 – Cell Structure Revision Notes:
- Cell structure and function
- Microscopy
- Plan diagrams of tissue and organ, prokaryotic and eukariotic cells
- Summary of Cell structure
Topic 2 – Biological Molecules Revision Notes:
- Carbohydrates – Monosaccharides, disaccharides
- Carbohydrates – Polysaccharides
- Globular and fibrous proteins – haemoglobin and collagen
- Lipids – Triglycerides and Phospholipids.
- Protein – Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary structure
- Proteins – amino acids, peptid bonds
- Summary of Biological Molecules
- Tests for carbohydrates
- Water
Topic 3 – Enzymes Revision Notes:
- Enzymes – active site, activation energy, enzyme specificity
- Factors affecting the rate of enzyme-catalysed reactions
- Following the course of an enzyme-catalysed reaction
- Michaelis – Menten Equation and Immobilising an enzyme
- Summary of Enzymes
Topic 4 – Cell Membranes and Transport Revision Notes:
- Fluid Mosaic Model of the plasma menbrane
- Passive and active transport across cell membranes
- Summary of Cell membrane
- Surface area to volume ratios, Investigating diffusion
Topic 5 – The Mitotic Cell Cycle Revision Notes:
- Control of cell division, Stem cell, Haploid and Diploid cells
- DNA structure
- Mitosis
- Summary of Cell and Nuclear division
Topic 6 – Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Revision Notes:
- DNA structurer and replication
- Gene mutation, sickle cell anaemia
- Summary of Genetic control
- The genetic code – protein synthesis
Topic 7 – Transport in Plants Revision Notes:
- Movement of Water and Minerals in the Xylem
- Structure of transport tissues in plants
- Summary of Genetic control
- Summary of Transport in multicellular plants
- Transport In phloem
Topic 8 – Transport in Mammals Revision Notes:
- Summary of The mammalian heart
- Summary of The mammalian transport system
- The circulatory system – blood vessels
- The components of blood, O2 and CO2 transport
- The Heart
Topic 9 – Gas exchange and Smoking Revision Notes:
Topic 10 – Infectious Disease Revision Notes:
- Posts not found
Topic 11 – Immunity Revision Notes:
- Action of B-lymphocytes
- Action of T-lymphocytes
- Immunity and vaccination
- Summary of Immunity
- The immune response – Lymphocytes
- The immune system – Phagocytes
Topic 12 – Energy and Respiration Revision Notes:
- Posts not found
Topic 13 – Photosynthesis Revision Notes:
- Limiting factors in photosynthesis
- Photosynthesis overview
- Photosynthetic Pigments
- Summary of Photosynthesis
- The light-dependent reactions, Photophosphorilation
Topic 14 – Homeostasis Revision Notes:
- Birth control
- Homeostasis in mammals
- Homeostasis in plants
- Hormonal communication
- Osmoregulation
- Plant hormones – Auxin
- Plant hormones – Gibberellin
- Production of urine in a nephron – Ultrafiltration and reabsorption
- Summary of Homeostasis and Co-ordination
- Thermoregulation – The control of body temperature
- Venus fly trap
Topic 15 – Control and Co-ordination Revision Notes:
- Posts not found
Topic 16 – Inherited Change Revision Notes:
- Gametogenesis
- Gene control in eukaryotes
- Gene control in prokaryotes (lac operon)
- Genetic diagrams
- Genetic mutations
- Meiosis
- Summary of Inherited change
- Terms for human genetics
Topic 17 – Selection and Evolution Revision Notes:
- Artificial selection
- Assessing species diversity
- Assisted reproduction and problems of successful conservation
- Classification
- Controlling alien species
- Evolution and Extinction
- Genetic variation
- International conservation and restoring degraded habitats
- Natural selection
- Protecting endangered species
- Species and speciation
- Summary of Selection and Evolution
- Threats to biodiversity
Topic 18 – Biodiversity, Classification and Conservation Revision Notes:
- Biodiversity
- Ecology
- Summary Biodiversity and conservation
- Summary of Ecology
- The need to maintain biodiversity
- The nitrogen cycle
- Threats to biodiversity
Topic 19 – Genetic Technology Revision Notes:
- 2 Summary of Genetic technology
- Bioinformatics
- Gene therapy
- Genetic engineering basics
- Genetic markers and microarrays
- Genetic screening
- Genetically modified organisms
- Herbicide and insect resistant crops
- PCR and gel electrophoresis
